Micro-mechano-morphology-informed continuum damage modeling with intrinsic 2nd gradient (pantographic) grain–grain interactions

In a previous work, we have shown that granular micromechanics approach can lead to load path dependent continuum models. the present generalize such micromechanical introducing an intrinsic 2nd gradient energy storage mechanism (resembling pantographic micromechanism), in grain–grain interaction. Such mechanism, represents long-range effects but could also be thought as deriving from utilization of actual connection between two grains metamaterial. Taking advantage homogenization developed works, determine mechanical behavior macro-scale and carry out parametric analyses with respect averaged intergranular distance stiffness associated term. We show inclusion term mentioned above, desired thickness localization zone modeled finely tuned successfully. complex mechanics load-path dependency predicated by introduced